THEMA

Nathalie PICARD - BETA, University of Strasbourg

ygustave — 2024-04-24T07:58:38Z

"Perverse effects of good intentions : Housing public policies, financial constraints and residential location choice in Paris region", co-authored with André de Palma.

- Séminaire Transport et Economie Urbaine (AFFINITE)

Emilien VERON - BETA, University of Strasbourg

ygustave — 2024-02-28T08:55:00Z

"A premium for organic farmland"

Abstract : The European ”Green Deal” set a target of 25% organically farmed land by 2030 (only 8.5% by 2022). To achieve this objective, we are looking for other sources of income generated by the conversion to organic farming. In this paper we test the existence of a ”premium” for organic farmland. This premium would be justified as payment for the provision of more ecological services. In this study, we compare the sales prices of 569,162 farmlands sold between 2015 and 2021 in France (44,302 of which are organic). The hedonic price method, which controls for Ricardian and residential rent, shows that organic land sells for less than conventional land. To check the robustness of the result, we perform two types of matching (based on propensity score and geographical distance minimization). The results show that organic land sells for even lower prices at slightly lower prices (- 2.4%) than the same conventional land. This can be explained by a spatial mismatch between the supply and demand of organic land. Over the period 2015-2021, an organic farmer seeking for farmland could find a conventional opportunity at a distance about 3.3km from his farm and 8.1km for an organic opportunity (a difference of 4.8km).

Alexandre MAYOL - BETA, University of Strasbourg

ygustave — 2024-02-28T08:50:00Z

"The Effect of Public Transport Pricing Policy : Experimental Evidence"
Co-authored with Philippe Gagnepain, Sébastien Massoni and Carine Staropoli.

- Séminaire Transport et Economie Urbaine (AFFINITE)

André DE PALMA

ygustave — 2024-02-16T16:01:57Z

"Comparing algorithmic and analytical calculations : Time for reality shows (Application : modeling dynamic transportation models)"

- Séminaire Transport et Economie Urbaine (AFFINITE)

Liu LIU

ygustave — 2024-01-25T13:23:00Z

"LUTI (Land-Use/Transport Interaction) looks into the mirror : ready for decarbonization ?"

- Séminaire Transport et Economie Urbaine (AFFINITE)

Marie Aurélie LAPIERRE - GATE-LSE & Université Lumière Lyon 2

ygustave — 2024-01-17T13:31:28Z

"Neighborhood effects and job search behaviors"
co-authored with Florence Goffette-Nago, GATE-LSE & CNRS

Abstract :
This paper aims to test for the influence of interactions with neighbors on job search behaviors of unemployed individuals. Using data from the 2014-2019 French Labor Force Surveys, we implement a model of endogenous, contextual and group effects inspired from Manski (1993) and applied to job search intensity for different channels. We control for location endogeneity in a similar way as in Bayer et al. (2008) and tackle the reflection issue by using the approach proposed by Lee (2007) and developed by Boucher et. al. (2014). We find evidence of endogenous peer effects for all the job search channels, which indicates the existence of imitation or spread of information effects, particularly for job search through networks. We also find some contextual and group effects with regards to neighbors' occupations. Such results underline the importance of being surrounded by neighbors with strong labor market connections, and suggest that local social interaction effects in job search could amplify labor market inequalities across neighborhoods.

Duo WANG - Télécom SudParis, Institut Polytechnique de ParisWANG

ygustave — 2023-11-13T09:56:00Z

"AccEq-DRT : Planning demand-responsive transit to reduce inequality of accessibility"
co-authored with Andrea Araldo & Mounîm A. El Yacoubi

Abstract :
Accessibility measures how well a location is connected to surrounding opportunities. We focus on accessibility provided by Public Transit (PT). There is an evident inequality in the distribution of accessibility between city centers or close to main transportation corridors and suburbs. In the latter, poor PT service leads to a chronic car-dependency. Demand-Responsive Transit (DRT) is better suited for low-density areas than conventional fixed-route PT. However, its potential to tackle accessibility inequality has not yet been exploited. On the contrary, planning DRT without care to inequality (as in the methods proposed so far) can further improve the accessibility gap in urban areas.
To the best of our knowledge this paper is the first to propose a DRT planning strategy, which we call AccEq-DRT, aimed at reducing accessibility inequality, while ensuring overall efficiency. To this aim, we combine a graph representation of conventional PT and a Continuous Approximation (CA) model of DRT. The two are combined in the same multi-layer graph, on which we compute accessibility. We then devise a scoring function to estimate the need of each area for an improvement, appropriately weighting population density and accessibility. Finally, we provide a bilevel optimization method, where the upper level is a heuristic to allocate DRT buses, guided by the scoring function, and the lower level performs traffic assignment. Numerical results in a simplified model of Montreal show that inequality, measured with the Atkinson index, is reduced by up to 34%.

Samuel RUFAT

ygustave — 2023-11-03T09:42:00Z

"Moral hazard, risk perception, social vulnerability and adaptation to floods and climate change"

Abstract :
Individuals are in general reluctant to voluntarily invest in measures which limit damage costs from natural disasters and climate change. The moral hazard hypothesis argues that insured individuals take fewer other preparedness measures based on their assumption that their losses will be covered anyway. Conversely, the advantageous selection hypothesis argues that individuals view insurance and other risk reduction measures as complements. While home adaptation to flooding is positively associated with comprehensive insurance coverage, socially vulnerable communities have lower levels of self-protection and risk knowledge, and consequently are implementing lower levels of adaptation to floods and climate change. Social vulnerability is a measure of the sensitivity of a population to climate change impacts and its ability to respond to and recover from the impacts of environmental hazards. It is considered to mirror the geographies of inequality. As public agencies are increasingly seeking tools to understand inequity in exposure and decide distribution of prevention funds, aggregated indicators of vulnerability are being considered as equity measures. However, such indices rely on single-axis frameworks with the underlying assumptions that a deficit in one dimension of vulnerability can be offset (or compensated) by a surplus in another. The bedrock assumption in risk communication that positively links risk communication to risk awareness and risk-mitigating behaviour has to be challenged. There are many reasons why at-risk people may not act on risk information. Elevated awareness of risks does not always translate into adaptive actions because individuals may not have access to the necessary resources. For vulnerable communities, the message does not resonate with their lived reality or they are too preoccupied with daily needs.

Yao WANG - LAET, Université Lyon 2 & University of International Business and Economics, Beijing

ygustave — 2023-10-25T10:05:00Z

"Does subsidy increase carpooling usage ? The case of France"
Co-authors : Guillaume Monchambert (LAET, Université Lyon 2)

- Séminaire Transport et Economie Urbaine (AFFINITE)

Antoine EBELING -BETA CNRS UNIVERSITE STRASBOURG

ygustave — 2023-10-06T12:33:00Z

"Improving how we estimate air pollution from small scale combustion in EU27"